The study provides an overview of legislation and policies in the field of labour migration and presents specific initiatives and practical measures (covering the period 2021–2024) that countries use to address current labour shortages. It also focuses on tools that can help prevent future challenges in the labour market. The publication draws on contributions from EMN Member and Observer Countries, including Serbia, as well as from OECD countries that are not members of the European Union.

The report reviews the implementation of EU rules based on Council Directive 2003/86/EC and how they have evolved through legislative reforms, case law from the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights, and the ongoing digitalisation of migration procedures in Member States. Family reunificationremains essential in safeguarding the right to family life and promoting successful integration of third-country nationals. 

The study provides an in-depth analysis of illegal employment among third-country nationals (TCNs) in EMN Member Countries from 2017 to 2022. The report explores the key legislative and policy frameworks, challenges, and measures taken to address this issue. It also details the various ways in which TCNs engage in illegal employment and the challenges faced by both foreign workers and authorities.

The European Migration Network (EMN) has published a new study examining how EMN Member and Observer Countries are addressing the international aspects of trafficking in human beings. The study provides an overview of policies and measures that were in place between 2021 and 2023 and aligned with the EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings 2021-2025. It covers prevention, law enforcement, victim support, and international partnerships and highlights key challenges, good practices, and ongoing discussions to reinforce future policies.

The Overview describes how main migration and asylum policies related to third-country nationals are organised in the Slovak Republic from the institutional perspective as well as from the perspective of their mutual relations. It is based on the information valid as of January 2025. Overviews are available also for other EU Member States and for EMN observing countries (Norway, Georgia, The Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, Montenegro, Armenia, Serbia, and North Macedonia).